What is frit? Frit is an business term for the paint that is applied colse to the perimeter of the automotive glass parts. One of the key ingredients in frit is a glass ceramic particle that fuses to the glass covering production it a very durable and scratch defiant surface.
Why is frit (paint) on the glass? Frit serves two roles on the glass. First, it is a cosmetic highlight that is used to hide interior trim and pinchweld details. Early model vehicles used wide moldings to obscure what would otherwise be exposed areas. As moldings became smaller to the point of nonexistence on some current models, the frit had a greater role in covering unfinished areas of the vehicle. Secondly, the frit inhibits Uv degradation of urethane adhesives. While the frit will not wholly block the Uv rays from passing straight through the glass, it does significantly sell out Uv light transmission. Most urethanes are not Uv stable. If urethane is left exposed to sunlight for prolonged periods of time, it will yellow and turn chalky. Presence of the frit will expand the lifetime of the urethane adhesive system.
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How many types of frit are there? There are hundreds of types of frits industrialized for automotive glass applications. The most base automotive glass frits we use are black, gray and white although other colors are available. Frit pastes are industrialized to work in compound with the processing requirements needed for a specific part. Each paste is industrialized for the specific furnace time and temperature parameters used to establish parts at a manufacturing location. It is not uncommon for a glass manufacturing installation to work with a dozen separate frit pastes.
How is frit applied to the glass? Frit is applied to the glass utilizing a silk screen method. It is very similar to the recipe used to silk screen T-shirts. An image of the frit establish is industrialized for the glass in the bent or curved shape. Then the image is unwrapped and flattened. A silk screen is made to allow the frit to pass straight through openings in the screen. The openings correspond to the final establish image. The frit is a thick paste that is put onto the screen. Squeegees are used to push the frit paste straight through the screen openings and onto the glass. Frit is applied to the glass while it is in the flat position before it is processed straight through the furnace. The furnace helps to cure the frit and to fuse it to the glass surface. Every part with each separate establish has a unique silk screen. Silk screens are permanently being maintained throughout the life of a part. Because of the fragile nature of the screens, they will wear out and ordinarily need to be remade throughout the lifetime of a part in production.
What is Batch glass? Batch is a glass reference term that identifies a part of the manufacturing process. The raw components of glass are properly proportioned and mixed in batches for delivery to the furnace. Even though glass is made in a continual process that runs 24 hours a day, every day of the year, the raw materials are added as needed in batches. To state that a glass is batch glass, it implies that there is not any post manufacturing materials, i.e. A film or coating, applied to the glass. Batch glass gets all its characteristics from the raw materials that are used to make the glass. In the case of privacy or solar batch glass, the dark colorants and Uv inhibitors are mixed in with the traditional ingredients in the batch to make the glass.
What is Float glass? Float glass refers to the glass manufacturing process. The raw components of glass are melted in a furnace between a temperature range of 240Of to 2850 F. A continual process is established as the molten glass is moved from the furnace to the tin bath where it is supported on molten tin until the glass cools from the slurry state to a temperature where the glass becomes solid. The float process was industrialized by Pilkington while 1950's and is now carefully the traditional state of the art process for manufacturing automotive and architectural glass.
What is the tin side and what is the air side of glass? As mentioned earlier, the float glass process involves floating molten glass on.molten tin. The molten tin is level enough to give glass its flat surfaces. The tin and glass are like oil and water, they don't mix. However, the side of glass that is in feel with tin while the float process does pick up a small layer of tin. This is carefully the tin side of float glass. The top side of glass is called the air or atmosphere side. To detect the tin side of glass, hold an Uv light at an angle to the glass surface. The tin side will glow and the air side will not.
What is Soft-Ray and what is Solar-Ray'? Soft-Ray and Solar-Ray are Gm Trademarks for the glass used in their vehicles. It identifies the Type of glass used for construction and can appear on whether laminated or tempered glass. Lof uses E-Z-Eye glass for the production of Soft-Ray parts and Ezkool solar operate glass for Solar-Ray parts. Ppg uses Solex and Solar Green respectively. Deep Tint Solar-Ray is other Gm trademark that appears on dark colored solar operate parts.
What is a monogram? A monogram is often referred to as the bug or trademark. Every automotive piece of glass is required by law to have an identifying mark on the glass that will be visible once that glass is in the correctly installed position in the vehicle. These marks are commonly painted on the glass, but they can also be sand blasted or acid etched into the surface.
What is in a monogram? For automotive applications, there are sure governmental items that must be in the monogram including a agency of transportation (Dot) number, the model (M) whole and the glass type (As-1, As-2, As-3 etc.) Monograms can also include data such as the brand name of the glass, the company name that made the glass, the company logo, the country of origin and a date code identifying when the glass was manufactured.
Is there anyway to decide what a part is by the monogram on the glass? Unfortunately, the majority of monograms do not have any data in it to help decide what an unmarked part is. However, we are beginning to see more parts marked with the Nags whole in the Monogram. As more of this is done, it will be easier to correctly recognize unknown parts.
2-What is the disagreement between As-1, As-2 and As-3 glasses codes? For automotive applications, the three most base types of glass are As-1, As-2, and As-3. All windshields must be marked with the As-1 code which is on laminated glass having light transmission greater than 70%. All tempered glass that has light transmission above 70% is marked with an As-2 code. All glass, laminated or tempered, that has less then 70% light transmission will have an As-3 Code.
What is a Dot code? The Dot whole identifies the glass manufacturer. The acronym Dot stands for agency of Transportation. Each glazing establish must apply for a Dot whole in order to sell glazings for vehicles in the United States of America. Each Dot whole is assigned by the government and is unique for every manufacturer. Every piece of glass that is made must include that Dot code if it is to be sold in the automotive market.
What is an M number? The M whole is a model whole that is assigned by all glass manufacturing companies. Each company establishes their own M whole ideas that is unique to that organization. The M whole identifies the specific glass construction. It can recognize the glass details used to establish a part such as glass color and thickness. One Model whole might apply to 50 separate part numbers. Each Model whole is tested every year for compliancy with the governmental regulations. Most of the time, a part whole cannot be carefully by the M number.
How can I decide whether the glass in a car is traditional or a replacement? If you don't know the history of the car, one-way to recognize a piece of glass is to check the monogram on the glass. If you, knew the manufacturer of the traditional glass, check the Dot (Department of Transportation) whole on the glass in the car. If the Dot whole doesn't belong to the Oe glass supplier, then the part was a replacement. If the whole does match, then check the date code on the glass. Most manufacturers mark the monogram with a means of identifying the month and year of glass production, sometimes even the date and shift! Since each company does it differently, you'll have to feel the proper manufacturer for their date code conventions, which can include combinations of letters, numbers or even dots over various letters. By comparing the date of the glass with the date of the car assembly, you can decide if they are the same vintage. If the glass date closely matches the vehicle assembly date, chances are the glass is original.
Which side of the vehicle is the right hand side? The Right hand side of the vehicle is the Passenger'S side of the vehicle. The Driver'S side of the vehicle would be the Left-hand side. Rule of thumb, right and left sides are carefully by picturing yourself sifting in the car.
When should a non-conductive adhesive be used? If the adhesive will feel the antenna or defroster lines when the part is installed, use a non-conductive adhesive. Non-conductive adhesives forestall interference with antenna systems and heated defroster systems that are contained in the glass. Many new glass parts have the antenna, defroster connections or buss bars colse to the edge of the glass in the same area that the adhesive is applied to install a glass part. Using a conductive adhesive will work on the performance of the electrical system. some adhesive manufacturers offer a non-conductive goods for these glass applications. Be sure to follow the manufacturers specific instructions for the adhesive ideas you use.
How do installation methods cause stress cracks? installation related cracks commonly follow from a short cut out method, where all of the old urethane bed is not removed prior to installation. If the shape and form of the new glass is not selfsame to the old urethane bed, the glass could have spots of interference on the adhesive that lead to breaking. installation related stress could also be formed by using adhesives that are too rigid and don't offer the compression and flexibility required of the adhesive system. Usually, installation related stress cracks would establish over time after the adhesive has been allowed to fully cure.
What is tempered glass? Tempered glass is a single piece of glass that is strengthened straight through a rapid cooling process. This cooling process tempers the glass by blasting both the top and bottom surfaces with air. The covering surfaces of the glass cool faster than the core of the glass. This action sets up a equilibrium of strains between the surfaces and the core which adds essential power to the glass. Tempered glass is difficult to break, but if broken it breaks into small granular pieces.
How are tempered parts made? Glass of the specified thickness is cut to the desired size. Any artwork or paint establish is applied to the glass while it is in the flat position. This includes any heated grid lines or antenna lines required on the final part. The glass is loaded into a furnace and is heated to temperatures of 12,000 F. There are multiple processes that could be used to bend the glass as it exits the furnace including roll.
How much force is required to break a tempered backlite? While the power of tempered glass can seem very high, it is prominent to recognize that the manner in which tempered glass is broken will work on the strength. Tempered glass is extremely difficult to break with dull, blunt objects. Tempered glass can have a rupture power of up to 24,000 pounds per square inch. Recall that tempered glass is produced by rapid cooling of the covering glass surfaces which sets up a stress / strain balance.
Why do the heated grid lines on heated backlites sometimes have a redbrown color and other times have a yellow color? The color of the grid lines is predominately carefully by the covering of glass that they are printed on. The lines will have a dark appearance when printed on the tin side of glass. The lines will have a brighter yellow or amber color when printed on the air side of glass. Other colors, such as white or light gray, may indicate a inherent manufacturing problem with the heated grid lines such as an under fired health or too much silver. These can follow in a heated backlite that does not function correctly.
Is it a flaw to see discolored spot patterns on tempered glass? No, the discolored spot patterns on a piece of glass are surely a phenomenon of the tempering process. while tempering, air is forced onto the glass straight through hundreds of nozzles. The spots are areas where the cool air contacts the glass. The temper spot pattern can indicate how well a piece of glass is tempered. The size and consistency of the discolored areas will vary with the exact process used, but they are gift on all tempered parts. The potential to see these patterns is dependent on the angle ' of installation and the lighting conditions. For example, it is easier to see the patterns on a sloping piece of glass at dusk than it is to see them on a vertical piece in inspiring sunlight.
What is an Innershield? The innershield is a layer of plastic on the innermost piece of glass which was most ordinarily used on the windshield. The innershield prevented lacerations on an occupant's head and face if they came in feel with the windshield in the event of an accident. The innershield was a favorite selection on deluxe vehicles about ten years ago.
How is a shadeband put into a windshield? The shadeband is pre-tinted onto the plastic that is placed between the glass plies. The plastic comes in rolls and one end of the roll has the shade color. while processing, it may be required to warp the plastic to curve the shadeband so it will match the curve of the top of, the windshield. After warping, the plastic is cut to size and it is ready to use.
What is delamination? Delamination is the divorce of the glass plies and plastic layer in a laminated goods such as a windshield. This is also known as an unbonded area (Uba) or an oil blow. Old autoclaving process used hot petroleum to laminate windshields and the oil could seep into the edges causing the windshield to delaminate.
What is bullet proof glass and how is it separate from bullet defiant glass? Bullet proof glass is glass that will stop a bullet. Any bullet. To make a glass bullet proof, every type of bullet from every type of gun must be taken into consideration while the establish of the glass. Bullet proof glass is surely a composite of glass and plastic layers laminated together to accomplish a strong composite that will stop a bullet. Bullet proof glass will be three or more inches thick. Bullet defiant glass is designed for applications with a resistance to a range of specific bullet calibers. Bullet resistance glass can be obtained in a 3/4 inch thick composite of glass and plastics laminated together. On vehicle applications, the environmental end use is carefully for the glass design. If a vehicle is outfitted with bullet proof or bullet defiant glazing, all the interior trim must also be reworked to accommodate the thicker glass.
What are stress cracks? Stress cracks are breaks from the edges of laminated glass, such as a windshield, that happen without an impact point or noticeable damaged area. While this phenomenon can occur with seemingly no apparent cause, there are however, two major factors that have a role in creating stress cracks. The stress crack can be caused by a manufacturing flaw within the glass or it can be attributed to the installation methods.
How do glass defects cause stress cracks? Stress cracks can occur if the two plies of glass used to make the laminated part are not wholly homogenous with each other. Stress cracks can be a health of tension or compression that exist within the glass. Stress can also be caused by incomplete annealing or temperature disagreement between the plies. Manufacturing processes include multiple potential checkpoints for every private part while production to recognize and eliminate defective parts. Even so, it can be difficult to predict a stress crack due to manufacturing conditions.
I have often heard of a windshield covering referred to as the whole 1, 2, 3 or 4 surface. What do these numbers mean? The windshield covering whole refers to the glass covering of the private glass plies in the laminated composite. A basic windshield construction is composed of two pieces of glass with a plastic layer in between. The surfaces are counted from covering the vehicle. Therefore, covering whole 1 is the covering covering of the covering glass piece that would be exposed once installed in the vehicle. covering whole 4 is the innermost covering which would be on the interior of the vehicle once installed. covering whole 4 is the covering that is prepped with primers, cleaners and or activators required for installation. covering # 2 and 3 are interior surfaces that are in feel with the plastic.
What is laminated glass? Laminated glass is constructed of two pieces of glass with a piece of plastic in between the glass plies. One type of plastic innerlayer used is Pvb or polyvinyl butyral. Laminated glass is required to make windshields in the Us.
How are windshields made? Two separate pieces of glass are cut to size. While the glass is flat it is printed with the artwork establish (frit) that's required. The glass is put straight through a furnace to soften the glass and fire the frit to the glass surface. Once the glass reaches the right temperature, it is molded into shape and then cooled. After shaping, the glass/ plastic/ glass sandwich is put in a clean room and then put into an autoclave. An autoclave is like a giant pressure cooker. The high pressure squeezes the glass and plastic together. The higher temperature softens the plastic, which bonds the glass and plastic layers together. Once the glass exits the autoclave, any excess plastic is trimmed and the mirror mount is applied to the glass. The glass is inspected and cleaned some times throughout the entire process to make sure it has been manufactured to the highest potential standards. After a final inspection, the concluded part is now ready to ship.
What is the Breakaway Bracket? some new Gm and Ford windshields have a Breakaway Bracket. This refers To the mirror button on the windshield. This style mirror button allows the rearviewmirror to snap off when the passenger air bag is deployed. If the rear view mirror did not snap off, there is a possibility that the mirror could puncture the air bag rendering it ineffective. The accessory tool used to take off these snap off rearview mirrors is the Mb-4. Tip: Put Breakaway rearview mirrors back on the glass before installing the windshield. This will forestall inspiring a newly installed windshield out of place with the force required to snap the mirror on the glass.
How is a windshield glass molded into shape? There are two base practices for shaping a windshield, gravity bending and press bending. Gravity bending has been used longer than press bending. For gravity bending, two pieces flat glass ride straight through the furnace on a mold contoured like the concluded part. As the glass softens, the force of gravity pulls the glass into shape. This pair of gravity bent glass is then kept together throughout the rest of the windshield process. In a press bending operation, the single lites of glass go straight through a furnace on a flat covering of high temperature defiant rollers. As the glass exits the furnace it is fast pressed into shape between a male and female mold contoured like the concluded product. The glass is then cooled and moved to the next process.
How can I decide if a diversity or non-diversity antenna backlite is needed? The diversity antenna will use a compound of antennas in order to accomplish efficiently. Most diversity-antennas are offered with vehicle upgrade packages. A proper car model may only have the mast antenna, whereas the deluxe luxury package may integrate a diversity antenna in the backlite with the mast antenna. How to decide the need for a diversity antenna will differ depending on the vehicle. The current Toyota Camry has extra speakers (6 total) on the vehicle that uses a diversity antenna and only 4 speakers on the vehicle that uses the non-diversity antenna.
Can an antenna or heated backlite clip be reattached to the glass if it has fallen off? Clips, or tabs, can be reattached to the glass. In order to decide if the connection is repairable, the covering of the glass must be evaluated. If there are any chunks of glass (called spalls) missing from the surface, the heal should not be made and the glass should be replaced. Spalls will weaken the glass and could ultimately follow in glass breakage. Next, pick the adhesive to be used to reattach the clips. There are a few associates that establish a conductive adhesive ideas that can be used to reattach the tabs. The adhesive must be conductive so it will allow the electrical current pass between the lines on the glass and the vehicle. follow the manufacture's directions for the repair. Regular super glue adhesives will not work because they are non-conductive. Hint: Be sure to clean both the glass covering and the clip covering of old debris. Also, let the repaired part sit for the recommended cure time so the adhesive bond is fully developed.
Will a broken heated grid line on a backlite work on the performance of the antenna? Many new radio and cellular phone antenna designs are incorporated into the heated grid establish in the backlite. If a heated grid line is broken it will work on the performance of the antenna. The line break will become more noticeable with the normal collective as diversity antennas gain popularity and sell out the need for traditional mast antennas. There are aftermarket grid line heal systems available which can restore both the heating and the antenna characteristics of the grid line.
What is a Rain Sensor windshield? some vehicle manufacturers, including Cadillac, Mercedes Benz and Bmw, are now contribution Rain Sensor windshields. The rain sensor is surely a small electronic device mounted to the inside covering of the windshield. The device has a lens that will detect the Presence of moisture on the covering covering of glass. When moisture is present, a signal is sent to the wiper operate that automatically activates the windshield wipers. This a great security selection for those misty periods when a driver is passing trucks and road spray hits the windshield. The windshield wipers will embark on without the need for the driver to take off his hands from the wheel or his eyes from the road.
Does the rain sensor module come on the transfer windshield? No. At this time, none of the rain sensor designs need the sensor to be applied by the manufacturer on the transfer windshields. The electronic sensor that is on the existing windshield in the car must be removed and re-mounted onto the transfer windshield.
How is the rain sensor attached to the transfer windshield? There are extra re-attachment kits for the transfer industry, available straight through your local Car dealer, which can be used to re-attach the electronic rain sensor to the new windshield. The Cadillac kit consists of tape, cleaners and primers for replacing the Cadillac module. The Mercedes / Bmw kit contains the tape and a new lens. Instructions for application are included in all the kits.
Is it normal for Hud display to appear faded in inspiring light conditions? inspiring sunlight or high glare conditions can follow in a dimmer display of the Head's Up display. It is normal for a Hud to appear brighter at night in darker conditions that while the day under full sun. It is not normal for the Hud to wholly disappear. If the display is fading when the car changes momentum, such as when turning a angle or accelerating, then the problem could be a ideas flaw and it's recommended that a dealer check out the electronics. There is nothing in the windshield to cause the display to fade or appear less intense.
What is a diversity antenna? A diversity antenna combines the reception from some private antennas on the vehicle that makes it a very effective antenna system. The definition of diverse means different, therefore a diversity antenna in a backlite is one that could Work with the mast (pillar) antenna mounted to the car. The two separate antennas work together to accomplish classic Am/Fm radio reception. The 1998 Cadillac Seville has a diversity antenna ideas that consists of an antenna in the windshield and antenna in the backlite that work together.
What is a non-diversity antenna? A non-diversity antenna ideas relies on only one antenna for radio wave reception. some examples of non-diversity antenna include 1) a mast antenna mounted to the vehicle 2) an antenna printed on the backlite or 3) a set of wires mounted into the windshield. A non-diversity antenna will not be a combination.
Can a break in a Hud (Heads-Up-Display) windshield be repaired or must it be replaced? A break in the Hud windshield can be repaired like a normal non-Hud windshield. If the heal area is in the Hud image area, a heal may interfere with the image causing a double or distorted image. Therefore, consideration is required to decide if the type and size of break is repairable without Hud interference.
Passivated glass refers to chemically coated glass. Many automotive glass parts are coated to accomplish whether the solar operate characteristics or the privacy features. The coating can commonly be detected by the reflective, mirror-like appearance. Sometimes these coatings will also have a color related with them and can make the glass look blue, pink or amber. The solar coatings are used to filter out the sun's ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths while the privacy coatings filter out visible light wavelengths. The wavelengths that are filtered out by coated glass, include the wavelength spectrums that Cb radios, cellular phones, automated toll readers and radar detectors operate on. Therefore, the chemically coated glass can interfere with the performance of electronic devices that need a glass-mounted antenna.
What type of glass is recommended for a glass-mounted antenna? Glass that is referred to, as Batch glass is compatible with glass mounted antennas. Solar and privacy batch glass is not coated like the passivated glass. Instead, the raw materials that give the glass its solar or privacy characteristics are added at the time the glass is made. The raw materials are melted right in with the sand and other components that glass are constructed from. Once the glass has been made, it would not need any other treatments prior to fabrication into automotive glass parts. Batch glass is uniform throughout the thickness of the glass. Coated parts are covering treated; the covering has separate properties than the core of the glass.
Are there any extra hints for re-attaching the rain sensor? Make sure the glass is very clean prior to attaching the sensor. The performance of the sensors depends on the optically clear grades of doublefaced tape used for reattaching the units. These tapes also need to be clean and free of bubbles when applied to the glass. Any impurities that may be gift will give a false signal to the rain sensor causing it to embark on unnecessarily.
What does the term "Auto-Cancel" refer to in the Nags catalog? The Auto Cancel notation means the electrical input to the heated backlite establish is automatically canceled after a specified time and/or temperature. Most heated backlites made today are for automated cancellation systems. However, there are a few parts such as the Isuzu Trooper backlites where a separate glass heated establish is required for the automated vs. The hand-operated systems. For example, Fb4815 is for an automated cancellation heated grid ideas whereas Fb4816 is for a hand-operated cancellation heated grid system. 8-What is the disagreement between a heavy-duty heated backglass and a proper heated backglass? The heavy-duty back glass is rated for higher amperage. The Heavy-Duty (Hd) designation is predominately used on foreign cars such as Honda and Toyota vehicles. normal domestic vehicles were rated for 22 amps whereas heated backlites in Asian vehicles were ordinarily rated for 11 amps. Amperage relates to speed of performance. The higher the amperage, the faster the backglass will heat and clear the frost from the glass. To accommodate the Us market, many foreign car manufacturers industrialized the Hd back glasses to offer compatible defrosting performance in the Us. The heavy-duty backglass are an upgrade, but it does not interchange with the proper design.
Glass manufactures Terms - all You've all the time Wanted to Know About Glass But Were Afraid to Ask
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